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APPENDIX Article 8 - Gestures
When it is not clearly apparent, the Referee may after the official
signal, point to the blue or white tape (starting position) to indicate
which contestant scored or was penalised. To indicate to the contestant/s
that he may sit cross-legged at the starting position, if a lengthy
delay in the contest is envisaged, the Referee should signal towards
the starting position with an open hand, palm upwards.
Yuko and Waza-ari gestures should start with the arm across the
chest, then sideways to the correct finishing position.
Koka, Yuko, Waza-ari gestures should be maintained while moving
to ensure that the score is clearly visible to the Judges. However,
care should be taken when turning to keep the contestants within
view.
8) The Hikiwake gesture applies only to Team and Round Robin competitions.
13) The Hantei situation described, will take effect only if there
is a draw in scoring at the end of the time allotted for the ’Golden
Score’ contest. Should both contestants be given a penalty,
the Referee should make the proper gesture and point alternately
at both contestants (left forefinger for contestant on his left
and right forefinger for contestant on his right). Should a rectification
gesture be required, it shall be done as quickly as possible after
the cancellation gesture. There should be no announcement made when
cancelling an expressed opinion.
All gestures should be maintained for 3 to 5 seconds.
To indicate the winner, the Referee shall return to his position
at start of the contest, take one step forward, indicate the winner,
and then take one step back.
b) The Judges
1) Jonai: To indicate that he considers a contestant making a throwing
technique has stayed within the contest area, the Judge shall raise
one of his hands up in the air and bring it down to shoulder height
with his thumb upwards and arm extended along the boundary line
of the contest area and momentarily hold it there.
2) Jogai: To indicate that in his opinion one of the contestants
has gone out of the contest area, the Judge shall raise one of his
hands to shoulder height with his thumb upwards and arm extended
along the boundary line of the contest area and wave it from right
to left, or vice versa, several times.
3) To indicate that in his opinion a score, penalty or opinion given
by the Referee using an Article 8 (a) gesture has no value, the
Judge shall raise one hand above his head and wave it from right
to left two or three times.
4) To indicate that his opinion differs from that of the Referee,
the Judge(s) shall make the appropriate Article 8 (a) gesture.
5) In Hantei situations the Judges must hold the flags in the proper
hands corresponding to the position of the contestants. After the
Referee has announced Hantei the Judges shall immediately raise
either the blue or white flag above their heads in order to indicate
which contestant they consider merits the
decision.
6) When the Judges wish the Referee to announce Matte in Newaza
(e.g. no progress), they shall signal this by raising both hands
to shoulder height with palms facing upwards.
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ARTICLE 9 - Location (Valid Areas)
The contest shall be fought in the contest area. Any technique applied
when one or both contestants are outside the contest area shall
not be recognised. For example if one contestant has at least one
of his feet, hands or knees outside the contest area while standing
or more than half of his body outside the contest area while doing
Sutemi-waza, he shall be considered as being outside the contest
area.
Exceptions:
a) When one contestant throws his opponent outside the contest area,
but he himself stays within the contest area long enough for the
effectiveness of the technique to be clearly apparent, the technique
shall be recognised. When a throw is started with both contestants
inside the contest area, but during the action, the contestant being
thrown moves outside the contest area, the action may be considered
for point scoring purposes if the throwing action continues uninterrupted
and the contestant executing the throw stays within the contest
area long enough for the effectiveness of the action to be clearly
apparent.
b) In Newaza the action is valid and may continue so long as either
contestant has some part of his body touching the contest area.
c) If during the course of an attack such as Ouchi-gari or Kouchi-gari
the foot or leg of the thrower leaves the contest area and moves
over the Tatami in the safety area, the action shall be considered
valid for scoring purposes so long as the thrower does not place
any weight upon the foot or leg while it is outside the contest
area.
APPENDIX Article 9 - Location (Valid
Areas)
Article 9
Action on the Edge Locations Valid
“All actions are valid and may continue (No Mate) as
long as either contestant has some part of his (or her) body touching
the contest area” (Similar to the Ne-waza criterion).
1. Actions on the edge will include competitors gripping (kumi-kata)
each other and that they are actively working for superiority; no
attack (entry into a throw) need take place.
2. A competitor may use the safety area as long as either of
the contestant has some part of their body touching the contest
area. Any break in or non-activity of the action will be a Mate
situation. This is very different from what we have been doing in
the past and is a more relaxed application of the existing rules
to allow the fighters to fight.
3. The referee and judges must be alert to the safety issues
brought about by this change and organisers should consider increasing
the safety area.
4. Should Uke after the original attack take control, the referee
should award the appropriate score (if any) for any subsequent renraku-waza
(combination of techniques) or kaeshi-waza (counter technique) whether
one player is inside (contest area) or both are in the safety area
(outside), as long as there is continuity in the action and there
is no apparent or obvious break in the continuity of the action.
5. Should the referee calls “Mate” in error and
the judges believe the action and attack to be valid, they may nullify
the Mate and score the throw.
6. The Line Judges should still indicate as per Article 7 whether
they consider the action on the edge valid or invalid to assist
the referee.
7. Any attack in an On the Edge situation should have some
immediate affect to obtain a result (although a reasonable period
is to be allowed when assessing the action to allow for the effect
of the technique being applied).
In the case of Osaekomi on the edge - if the one part of the
contestant still touching the contest area becomes airborne (i.e.
it is raised up and loses contact with the Tatami) - the Referee
must announce Matte. As the red danger zone is part of the contest
area, any contestant whose feet are still touching the red danger
zone in the standing position shall be considered as being within
the contest area. When performing Sutemi-waza, a throw is considered
valid if the thrower has one half or more of his body within the
contest area. (Therefore, neither foot of the thrower shall leave
the contest area before his back or hips touch the Tatami.) Once
the contest has started, the contestants may only leave the competition
area if given permission to do
so by the Referee. Permission will only be given in very exceptional
circumstances, such as the necessity to change a Judogi which does
not comply with Article 3 or which has become damaged or soiled.
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ARTICLE 10 - Duration of contest
For the World Championships and Olympic Games, the time duration
of contests is:
· Senior Men and Women 5 minutes real contest time
· Junior Men and Women 4 minutes real contest time
Any contestant is entitled to a 10 minutes rest between contests.
BJA Commentary:
For BJA Competitions, the rest period allowed will be equal to the
full duration allowed for the contestant’s previous contest.
APPENDIX Article 10 - Duration of
the Contest
The duration of the
contests and the contest form shall be determined according to the
rules of the tournament. The referee should be aware of the duration
of the contest before coming onto the competition area.
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ARTICLE
11 - Time out
The time elapsed between the announcement of Matte and Hajime and
between Sono-mama and Yoshi by the Referee shall not count as part
of the duration of the contest.
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ARTICLE 12 - Time signal
The end of the time allotted for the contest shall be indicated
to the Referee by the ringing of a bell or other similar audible
signal.
APPENDIX
Article 12 - Time signal
When using several competition areas at the same time - the use
of different audible signals is required. The time signal must be
sufficiently loud to be heard over the noise of the spectators.
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ARTICLE 13 - Osaekomi Time
Osaekomi Duration
1 Second to <15 seconds = No score (During Golden Score
Kinsa advantage))
15 seconds to <20 seconds = Yuko
20 seconds to <25 seconds = Waza-ari
25 seconds = Ippon
Electronic clocks will need to modified to reflect the new
durations
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APPENDIX Article 13 - Osaekomi Time
When Osaekomi is announced simultaneously with the time signal or
when the remaining time is insufficient
to allow for the completion of the Osaekomi, the time allotted for
the contest shall be extended until either Ippon (or equivalence)
is announced or the Referee announces Toketa or Matte.
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ARTICLE 14 - Technique coinciding
with Time Signal
Any immediate result of a technique started simultaneously with
the time signal shall be valid. In the case of Osaekomi announced
simultaneously with the time signal, the time allotted for the contest
shall be extended until either Ippon (or equivalence) is scored
or the Referee announces Toketa or Matte.
APPENDIX Article 14 - Technique coinciding
with Time Signal
Any technique applied after the ringing of the bell or other device
to indicate the expiry of the time of the contest shall not be valid,
even if the Referee has not yet announced Sore-made.
Although a throwing
technique may be applied simultaneously with the bell, if the Referee
decides that it will not be effective immediately, he shall announce
Sore-made.
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ARTICLE 15 - Start of the contest
Before the start of each contest the Referee and Judges shall stand
together centred just inside the limits of the competition area
and bow to Joseki before taking their places. Before leaving the
competition area, they also must bow towards Joseki. The contestants
must bow when stepping on and off the competition area at the start
and end of each contest. The contestants shall then walk to the
centre of the edge of the contest area (on the safety area) at their
respective side according to the fighting order (first called on
the right side and second called on the left side of the Referee’s
position), and remain standing there. At the signal from the Referee,
the contestants shall move forward to their respective starting
positions and bow simultaneously towards each other and take a step
forward from the left foot. Once the contest is over and the Referee
has awarded the result, the contestants shall simultaneously take
a step back from the right foot and bow to each other.The contestants
are free to bow when entering or leaving the Contest Area, although
it is not compulsory. (See Bowing Guide) The contest shall always
begin in the standing position. Only the members of the Refereeing
Commission may interrupt the contest. (See Article 17)
APPENDIX Article 15 - Start of the
contest
The Referee and Judges shall always be in position to start the
contest before the arrival on the contest area of the contestants.
The Referee shall stand in the middle, 2m back from the line between
where the contestants start. He shall be facing the Timekeepers’
table. It is very important to perform the bow in a very correct
way. When the contestants walk to their starting position and are
facing each other, they shall officially bow under the strict control
of the Referee, repeating this procedure at the end of the contest.
If the contestants do not bow, the Referee shall direct the contestants
to do so. All standing bows by the contestants shall be at an angle
of 30º measured at the waist. Bowing Procedure – see
Bowing Guide
BJA Commentary:
Notwithstanding the
procedures described in the first paragraph of this article, in
BJA Competitions the Referee and Judges will bow to Joseki when
entering and leaving the competition area and not before and after
every contest.
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ARTICLE 16 - Entry into Newaza
The contestants shall be able to change from the standing position
to Newaza in the following cases, but if the technique used is not
continuous, the Referee shall order both contestants to resume the
standing position:
a) When a contestant, after obtaining some result by a throwing
technique changes without interruption into Newaza and takes the
offensive.
b) When one of the contestants falls to the ground, following the
unsuccessful application of a throwing technique, the other may
take advantage of his opponent's unbalanced position to take him
to the ground.
c) When one contestant obtains some considerable effect by applying
a Shime-waza or Kansetsu-waza in the standing position and then
changes without interruption to Newaza.
d) When one contestant takes his opponent down into Newaza by the
particularly skilful application of a movement which does not qualify
as a throwing technique.
e) In any other case where one contestant falls down or is about
to fall down, not covered by the preceding sub-sections of this
article, the other contestant may take advantage of his opponent's
position to go into Newaza.
APPENDIX Article 16 - Entry
into Newaza
When one contestant pulls his opponent down into Newaza not in accordance
with Article 16 and his opponent does not take advantage of this
to continue into Newaza, the Referee shall announce Matte, stop
the contest and penalise with Shido the contestant who has infringed
Article 27 (8). (See Article 27 Appendix, the 5th paragraph). When
one contestant pulls his opponent down into Newaza not in accordance
with Article 16 and his opponent takes advantage of this to continue
into Newaza, the contest shall be allowed to continue but the
Referee shall penalise with Shido the contestant who has infringed
Article 27 (8). (See Article 27 Appendix, the 5th paragraph).
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ARTICLE 17 - Application of Matte
The Referee shall announce Matte in order to stop the contest temporarily
in the following cases; and to recommence the contest, he shall
announce Hajime:
a) When one or both of the contestants go outside the contest area.
(See "Exceptions" under Article 9).
b) When one or both of the contestants perform one of the prohibited
acts.
c) When one or both of the contestants are injured or taken ill.
d) When it is necessary for one or both of the contestants to adjust
their Judogi.
e) When during Newaza there is no apparent progress.
f) When one contestant regains a standing or semi-standing position
from Newaza bearing his opponent on his back.
g) When one contestant is in, or from Newaza regains a standing
position and lifts his opponent, who is lying on his back with his
leg(s) around any part of the standing contestant, clear of the
Tatami.
h) When a contestant performs or attempts to perform Kansetsu-waza
or Shime-waza from the standing position and the result is not sufficiently
apparent.
i) When in any other case that the Referee deems it necessary to
do so.
j) When the Referee and Judges or Refereeing Commission wish to
confer.
APPENDIX Article 17 - Application
of Matte
The Referee having announced Matte, must take care to maintain the
contestants within his view, in case they do not hear Matte announced
and continue fighting. The Referee should not call Matte to stop
the contestant(s) going outside the contest area, unless the situation
is considered dangerous. The Referee should not announce Matte when
a contestant who has escaped e.g. from Osaekomi, Shimewaza,Kansetsu-waza
appears in need of or calls for a rest.The Referee should announce
Matte when a contestant who is face down on the Tatami, with his
opponentclinging to his back, succeeds in rising to a half standing
position, with his hands clear of the Tatami,indicating a loss of
control by the opponent. Should the Referee call Matte in error
during Newaza and the contestants therefore separate, the Referee
and Judges may, if possible, and in accordance with the "majority
of three" rule, replace the contestants into as close to their
original position as possible and restart the contest, if so doing
will rectify an injustice to one of the contestants. After the announcement
of Matte, the contestants must quickly return to their starting
positions. When the Referee has announced Matte, the contestant(s)
must either stand if being spoken to or adjusting their Judogis,
or sit if a lengthy delay is envisaged. Only when receiving medical
attention should a contestant be
permitted to adopt any other position. The Referee shall announce
Matte in order to call for the doctor, either when the contestant
or the Doctor himself so requests or when the Referee considers
it is necessary. (See Article 29).
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ARTICLE 18 – Sono-mama
In any case where the Referee wishes to temporarily stop the contest
(e.g. to address one or both contestants without causing a change
in their positions, or to award a penalty so that the contestant
who is not penalised does not lose his position of advantage), he
shall announce Sono-mama. To recommence the contest he shall announce
Yoshi. Sono-mama can only be applied in Newaza.
APPENDIX Article 18 - Sono-mama
Whenever the Referee announces Sono-mama, he must ensure that there
is no change in the position or grip of either contestant. If during
Newaza a contestant shows signs of injury, the Referee may separate
the contestants if necessary
after announcing Sono-mama and then return the contestants to the
positions they held before the announcement of Sono-mama - and then
announce Yoshi.
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ARTICLE 19 - End of Contest
The Referee shall announce Sore-made and end the contest:
a) When one contestant scores Ippon or Waza-ari-awasete-Ippon (Articles
20 and 21).
b) In the case of Sogo-gachi (Article 22).
c) In the case of Kiken-gachi (Article 28).
d) In the case of Hansoku-make (Article 27).
e) When one contestant cannot continue due to injury (Article 29).
f) When the time allotted for the contest has expired.
The Referee shall award the contest
as follows:
1) Where one contestant has scored Ippon or equivalent, he shall
be declared the winner.
2) Where there has been no score of Ippon or equivalent, the winner
shall be declared on the basis of: one Waza-ari prevails over any
number of Yukos, one Yuko prevails over any number of Kokas.
3) Where there are no recorded scores or the scores are exactly
the same under each point (Waza-ari, Yuko, Koka), the contest shall
be decided by the “Golden Score” contest.
“Golden Score” Contest
Golden Score Duration Reduced to 3 Minutes
1. The duration for Golden Score will now be 3 minutes regardless
of the original contest time
2. The decision for hantei is based only on the kinsa that
occur during the Golden Score period.
When the time allotted for the contest ends, the Referee shall announce
“Sore-made” to end the contest temporarily and the contestants
shall return to their starting positions. The scoreboard and time
clocks shall be reset, then the Referee shall immediately announce
“Hajime” to restart the contest in the normal way. There
shall be no rest period between the end of the original contest
and the start of the “Golden Score” contest. The first
score difference between the two (2) contestants during the “Golden
Score” contest shall decide the contest. The contest ends
as soon as a contestant gains any advantage. If the “Golden
Score” contest goes the full duration without any advantage
for either contestant, the result shall be decided by Hantei. At
the announcement of Hantei by the Referee, the Referee and the two
(2) Judges shall raise the appropriate coloured flag high above
their heads to indicate which contestant they consider to be the
winner. In this case, the Referee and Judges shall only take into
consideration “Kinsa” (slight superiority or inferiority)
through the attitude, skill and effectiveness of techniques during
the “Golden Score” contest, that is to say, the original
contest shall not count at all. The Referee shall declare the result
according to the “majority of three” rule. Should only
one contestant exercise his right to fight the “Golden Score”
contest, and the other contestant declines, the contestant who wishes
to fight shall be declared the winner by “Kiken-gachi”.
4) In the case where both contestants score Ippon or Sogo-gachi
simultaneously the contest shall be decided by the “Golden
Score” contest.
5) In the case where both contestants are penalised with accumulated
Hansoku-make (result from successive Shidos) simultaneously, or
where one contestant is penalised with an accumulated Hansoku-make
and is simultaneously awarded Sogo-gachi, the contest shall be decided
by the “Golden Score” contest.
6) In the case where both contestants are penalised with direct
Hansoku-make simultaneously, both contestants shall be excluded
from the tournament.
7) The decision of “Hikewake” shall be given, when there
is no advantage on the scoreboard for either contestant within the
time allotted for the contest. (See Appendix). After the Referee
has indicated the result of the contest, the contestants shall take
one step backwards to their respective blue and white tapes, make
a standing bow and leave the contest area. Once the Referee has
indicated the result of the contest to the contestants it will not
be possible for the Referee to change this decision after the Referee
and Judges have left the competition area. Should the Referee award
the contest to the wrong contestant in error, the two Judges must
ensure that he changes this erroneous decision before the Referee
and Judges leave the competition area. All actions and decisions
taken in accordance with the “majority of three” rule
by the Referee and Judges shall be final and without appeal.
APPENDIX Article 19 - End of Contest
Having announced Sore-made, the Referee shall always keep the contestants
within his view, in case they do not hear his announcement and continue
fighting. The Referee shall direct the contestants to adjust their
Judogis, if necessary, prior to indicating the result. Before each
“Golden Score” contest, the timing clocks and scoreboards
shall be fully reset as if for a new contest. In the “Golden
Score” contest, when one contestant is being held and “Osaekomi”
has been announced, the Referee shall allow the hold down to continue
for the 25 seconds (Ippon), until Toketa or Matte, or until Shime-waza
/ Kansetsu-waza is applied by either contestant with immediate result.
In this case, the contestant shall win by the points scored. If
during the “Golden Score” contest a direct Hansoku-make
is given, the result for the penalised player will incur the same
consequences as during a normal contest.
7) The decision of “Hikiwake” will only be applied for
Team competitions. During the first Team confrontation, the result
of “Hikiwake” will be applicable. If at the end of the
confrontation, the number of victories and points is the same for
both teams, then all the contests with the result of “Hikewake”
from the previous confrontation will be fought to decide the winning
team. These deciding contests shall be “Golden Score”
contests; however, the victory will only be awarded one (1) point
as a way of decision. (The same system shall be used in Round Robin
competition).
BJA
Commentary:
If the teams are still equal at the end of the Golden Score contests,
then the Competition Controller will assess the situation and decide
on the appropriate action.
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ARTICLE 20 - Ippon
The Referee shall announce Ippon when in his opinion the applied
technique corresponds to the following criteria:
a) When a contestant with control throws the other contestant largely
on his back with considerable force and speed.
b) When a contestant holds with Osaekomi-waza the other contestant,
who is unable to get away for 25 seconds after the announcement
of Osaekomi.
c) When a contestant gives up by tapping twice or more with his
hand or foot or says Maitta (I give up!) generally as a result of
Osaekomi-waza, Shime-waza or Kansetsu-waza.
d) When a contestant is incapacitated by the effect of a Shime-waza
or Kansetsu-waza. Equivalence: Should one contestant be penalised
with Hansoku-make, the other contestant shall immediately be declared
the winner.
Simultaneous Ippons - See Article
19 (f) (4).
APPENDIX Article 20 - Ippon
Simultaneous techniques: - when both contestants fall to the Tatami
after what appears to be simultaneous attacks, and the Referee and
Judges cannot decide which technique dominated there should be no
score awarded. Should the Referee announce Ippon during Newaza in
error and the contestants therefore separate, the Referee and Judges
shall, if possible, and in accordance with the "majority of
three" rule, replace the contestants into as close to their
original positions as possible and restart the contest, if so doing
will rectify an injustice to one of the contestants. If one of the
contestants deliberately makes a "bridge" (head and one
foot or both feet in contact with the Tatami) after having been
thrown - although he may have avoided the necessary criteria for
Ippon, the Referee shall nonetheless award Ippon or any other score
he considers the technique warrants, in order to discourage this
action. Using Kansetsu-waza in order to throw the opponent will
not be considered for point scoring purposes. Note: For Olympic
Games, World Championships, Continental and IJF events the rules
shall be applied as stated. For National events, the organisers
are authorised to make such provisions as are appropriate for the
safety of the contestants at the level to which the tournament applies.
For example in lower grade competition
the organisers may authorise the Referees to award Ippon when the
effect of a technique is sufficiently apparent, or for children's
events, they may disallow Shime-waza and Kansetsu-waza altogether.
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ARTICLE
21 - Waza-Ari-awasete-ippon
Should one contestant gain a second Waza-ari in the contest, (see
Article 23) the Referee shall announce Waza-ari-awasete-ippon.
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ARTICLE 22 - Sogo-gachi (compound
win)
The Referee shall announce Sogo-gachi in the following cases:
(a) Where one contestant has gained a Waza-ari and his opponent
subsequently receives three (3) Shidos (see Article 27 (a).)
(b) Where one contestant,
whose opponent has already received three (3) Shidos, is subsequently
awarded a Waza-ari. Simultaneous Sogo-gachi - See Article 19 (f)
(4).
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ARTICLE 23 - Waza-ari
The Referee shall announce Waza-ari when in his opinion the applied
technique corresponds to the following criteria:
(a) When a contestant with control throws the other contestant,
but the technique is partially lacking in one
(1) of the other three (3) elements necessary for Ippon (see Article
20 (a) and Appendix).
(b) When a contestant holds with Osaekomi-waza the other contestant
who is unable to get away for 20 seconds or more, but less than
25 seconds.
Equivalence: Should
one contestant have been penalised three (3) Shido penalties, the
other contestant shall receive a Waza-ari immediately.
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ARTICLE 24 - Yuko
The Referee shall announce Yuko when in his opinion the applied
technique corresponds to the following criteria:
(a) When a contestant with control throws the other contestant,
but the technique is partially lacking in two
(2) of the other three (3) elements necessary for Ippon.
Examples:
i) Partially lacking in the element of "largely on the back"
and is also partially lacking in one of the other two (2) elements
of "speed" or "force".
ii) Largely on the back but partially lacking in both of the other
two (2) elements of "speed" and "force".
(b) When a contestant holds with Osaekomi-waza the other contestant
who is unable to get away for 15 seconds or more but less than 20
seconds.
Equivalence: Should one contestant have been penalised two (2) Shidos,
the other contestant shall receive Yuko immediately.
APPENDIX Article 24 - Yuko
Regardless of how many
Yukos are announced, no amount will be considered equal to a Waza-ari.
The total number announced will be recorded.
APPENDIX Article 25 - Koka
Elimination of KOKA score
1. Throws where the landings (to the buttock(s) or side of
the thigh) are borderline or partially lack control or are weak
(soft), Koka should not be scored.
2. Landings to the front/side are not to be scored.
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ARTICLE 26 - Osaekomi-waza
The Referee shall announce Osaekomi when in his opinion the applied
technique corresponds with the following criteria:
(a) The contestant being held must be controlled by his opponent
and must have his back, both shoulders or one shoulder in contact
with the Tatami.
(b) The control can be made from the side, from the rear or from
on top.
(c) The contestant applying the hold must not have his leg(s) or
body controlled by his opponent's legs.
(d) At least one contestant must have some part of his body touching
the contest area.
(e) The contestant applying the hold must have his body in either
the Kesa or the Shiho position, i.e. similar to the techniques Kesa-gatame
or Kamishiho-gatame.
APPENDIX Article 26 - Osaekomi-waza
Should a contestant who is controlling his opponent with an Osaekomi-waza,
change without losing control, into another Osaekomi-waza, the Osaekomi
time will continue until the announcement of Ippon (or equivalence
Toketa or Matte. When Osaekomi is being applied, if the contestant
who is in an advantageous position commits an infringement meriting
a penalty, the Referee shall announce Matte, return the contestants
to their starting positions, award the penalty (and any score from
the Osaekomi), then recommence the contest by announcing Hajime.
When Osaekomi is being applied, if the contestant who is in a disadvantageous
position commits an infringement meriting a penalty, the Referee
shall announce Sono-mama, award the penalty, then recommence the
contest by touching both contestants and announcing Yoshi. However,
should the penalty to be awarded be Hansoku-make, the Referee shall
after announcing Sono-mama, consult with Judges, announce Matte
to return the contestants to their starting positions, then award
Hansoku-make and end the contest by announcing Sore-made. If both
Judges agree that an Osaekomi exists, but the Referee has not announced
Osaekomi, they shall make the Osaekomi gesture and, by the "majority
of three" rule, the Referee shall announce Osaekomi immediately.
The Referee shall announce Matte in the case of "Osaekomi on
the edge", when the one part of the contestant still touching
the contest area, becomes airborne (i.e. it is raised up and loses
contact with the Tatami). Toketa should be announced if, during
Osaekomi, the contestant being held succeeds in "scissoring"
the other contestant's leg, either from above or from below the
leg. In situations where the back of the contestant being held is
no longer in contact with the Tatami, (e.g. "bridging"),
but the contestant applying the hold maintains control, the Osaekomi
shall continue.
BJA
Commentary:
If, in a “Golden Score” contest, Tori has maintained
an Osaekomi for 10 seconds or more and then commits a minor infringement,
the Referee shall announce Matte and award the Koka or other score
merited by the length of the Osaekomi. He shall then indicate Tori
as the winner of the contest. If the Referee and Judges consider
that Tori’s infringement merits Hansoku-make, then they may
award the contest to the other player.
Return
ARTICLE 27 - Prohibited Acts and Penalties
First Shido A Free Warning
1. The first Shido will be awarded and displayed on the scoreboard
however; the opponent will NOT receive the score of Koka. Electronic
boards with auto scoring for penalties will need to be modified
to remove koka score.
2. During Golden Score, the first shido may be given by the
referee without consultation with the judges.
3. The free shido should not be considered in the hantei decision
in Golden Score unless it is absolutely the only difference between
the two athletes (basically impossible).
4. During Golden Score, the second shido may only be given
after consultation with the judges. If the 3 officials agree to
award the penalty, then the penalty is awarded and the contest is
ended.
5. All additional shido will accumulate penalties as before,
and the referee and judges must still consult before awarding the
4th shido for hansoku-make
The Prohibited Acts are divided into ‘Slight’ infringements
(Shido) and ‘Grave’ infringements (Hansokumake).
SLIGHT INFRINGEMENTS: Will receive a penalty of Shido.
GRAVE INFRINGEMENTS: Will receive a penalty of direct Hansoku-make.
The Referee shall award a penalty of Shido or Hansoku-make depending
on the seriousness of the infringement. The awarding of a second
or subsequent Shido automatically reflects on the opponent’s
technical score. The previous score corresponding to the earlier
penalty is removed and the next higher score shall be recorded immediately.
The awarding of a direct Hansoku-make means that the contestant
is disqualified and excluded from the tournament, and the contest
ends according to the Article 19 (d). (See Appendix). Whenever a
Referee awards a penalty, he should demonstrate with a simple gesture
the reason for the penalty. A penalty can be awarded after the announcement
of Sore-made for any prohibited act done during the time allotted
for the contest or, in some exceptional situations, for serious
acts done after the signal to end the contest, as long as the decision
has not been given.
SHIDO (Slight Infringements Group)
(a) Shido is given to any contestant who has committed a slight
infringement:
(1) To intentionally avoid taking Kumi-kata in order to prevent
action in the contest.
(2) To adopt in a standing position, after Kumi-kata, an excessively
defensive posture. (Generally more than 5 seconds).
(3) To make an action designed to give the impression of an attack
but which clearly shows that there was no intent to throw the opponent.
(False Attack).
(4) To stand, both feet completely within the danger zone unless
- beginning an attack, executing an attack, countering the opponent's
attack or defending against the opponent's attack. (Generally more
than 5 seconds).
(5) In a standing position, to continually hold the opponent's sleeve
end(s) for a defensive purpose (Generally more than 5 seconds) or
to grasp by "screwing up" the sleeve end(s).
(6) In a standing position, to continually keep the opponent's fingers
of one or both hands interlocked, in order to prevent action in
the contest. (Generally more than 5 seconds).
(7) To intentionally disarrange his own Judogi or to untie or retie
the belt or the trousers without the referee's permission.
(8) To pull the opponent down in order to start Newaza unless in
accordance with Article 16.
(9) To insert a finger or fingers inside the opponent's sleeve or
bottom of his trousers.
(10) In a standing position to take any grip other than a "normal"
grip without attacking. (Generally more than 5 seconds).
(11) In a standing position, before or after Kumi-kata has been
established, not to make any attacking moves. (See Appendix Non-combativity).
(12) To hold the opponent’s sleeve end(s) between the thumb
and the fingers (“Pistol” grip).
(13) To hold the opponent’s sleeve end(s) by folding it over
(“Pocket” grip).
(14) From a standing position, to take hold of the opponent's foot/feet,
leg(s) or trouser leg(s) with the hand(s), unless simultaneously
attempting a throwing technique.
(15) To encircle the end of the belt or jacket around any part of
the opponent's body.
(16) To take the Judogi in the mouth. (either his own or his opponent's
Judogi).
(17) To put a hand, arm, foot or leg directly on the opponent's
face.
(18) To put a foot or a leg in the opponent's belt, collar or lapel.
(19) To apply Shime-waza using the bottom of the jacket or belt,
or using only the fingers.
(20) To go outside the contest area or intentionally force the opponent
to go outside the contest area either in standing position or in
Newaza. (See Article 9 - "Exceptions")
(21) To apply leg scissors to the opponent's trunk (Dojime), neck
or head. (Scissor with crossed feet, while stretching out the legs).
(22) To kick with the knee or foot, the hand or arm of the opponent,
in order to make him release his grip or to kick the opponent’s
leg or ankle without applying any technique.
(23) To bend back the opponent's finger(s) in order to break his
grip.
BJA Commentary:
(20) If a contestant leaves the contest area due to his own efforts
to upset his opponent’s balance, the penalty awarded should
be a Shido. However, if he leaves the contest area as a result of
an action by his opponent, he should not be penalised. HANSOKU-MAKE
(Grave Infringements Group) (b) Hansoku-Make is given to any contestant
who has committed a Grave Infringement (or who having been given
three (3) Shidos, commits a further Slight Infringement):
(24) To apply Kawazu-gake. (To throw the opponent by winding one
leg around the opponent's leg, while facing more or less in the
same direction as the opponent and falling backwards onto him).
(25) To apply Kansetsu-waza anywhere other than to the elbow joint.
(26) To lift off the Tatami the opponent who is lying on the Tatami
and to drive him back onto the Tatami.
(27) To reap the opponent’s supporting leg from the inside
when the opponent is applying a technique such as Harai-goshi etc.
(28) To disregard the Referee's instructions.
(29) To make unnecessary calls, remarks or gestures derogatory to
the opponent or Referee during the contest.
(30) To make any action which may endanger or injure the opponent,
especially the opponent's neck or spinal vertebrae, or may be against
the spirit of Judo.
(31) To fall directly to the Tatami while applying or attempting
to apply techniques such as Ude-hishigiwaki- gatame.
(32) To "dive" head first, onto the Tatami by bending
forward and downward while performing or attempting to perform techniques
such as Uchi-mata, Harai-goshi, etc. or to fall directly backwards
while performing or attempting to perform techniques such as Kata-guruma
whether standing or kneeling.
(33) To intentionally fall backwards when the other contestant is
clinging to his back and when either contestant has control of the
other's movement.
(34) To wear a hard or metallic object (covered or not). On the
scoreboard, the repeated Shido will be accumulated and converted
to the opponent’s technical score. When a contestant has repeated
slight infringements and is to be penalised with his fourth (4th)
Shido, the Referee, after consultation with Judges, shall give the
contestant “Hansoku-make”, that is to say that the 4th
Shido is not announced as “Shido”, but shall be announced
directly as “Hansoku-make”. The contest ends according
to the Article 19 (d).
APPENDIX Article 27 - Prohibited acts
and penalties
Penalties for negative judo to be more strictly enforced
1. Referees must be sure that a penalty is given only when
it is obvious.
2. If an infringement occurs, then it must be penalised. Referees
should not look for penalties.
3. There had been a trend not give a shido penalties unless
the infringements were extremely obvious or repeated.
4. Generally more than five seconds means 6-8 seconds, not
15-20 seconds or longer.
5. Repeated infringements should be considered to be penalised
even faster (4-5 seconds).
6. Non-combativity is still 20-30 sec.
Article 27 – 1
Avoid Taking Hold or Prevent Your Opponent from Taking Hold
This includes blocking by holding the hands, fingers or wrists
to prevent kumi-kata
1. Gripping one’s own lapel in order to prevent the opponent
from gripping, holding away i.e. gripping one’s lapel and
pulling it away out of reach of one’s opponent etc
2. This also now includes crushing; that is keeping the opponent
in a bent-over posture using an over-the-back “crushing”
grip to prevent kumi-kata.
3. The time frame on this is generally more than five seconds.
4. Application of any negative judo penalties, such as refusal
to grip should be made with intuitive timing and the assessment
of the ongoing action and progress of the contest.
Article 27 – 2
Excessively Defensive Posture, Generally More Than 5 Seconds
1. This prohibited act will be penalised more quickly (6-8
seconds). The goal is to discourage sambo type wrestling style and
tactics.
Article 27- 3
False Attack
1. Referees will be more stringent in the application of penalties
for false attacks including diving at the legs without a clear attempt
at a throw, drop seoi-nage without a clear attempt at a throw or
similar unskilful attacks.
2. Consideration must of course be given to the opponent’s
obvious defence.
3. A true failed attack is not a false attack.
Article 27 – 7
To Pull the Opponent Down in Order to Start Newaza; Not in
Accordance with Article 16
1. This includes unskilful tomoe-nage, unskilful sumi-gaeshi
and similar unskilful attacks where the intent is to enter ne-waza
and not to throw the opponent. These types of attacks will be penalised
with shido.
2. The uses of tomoe-nage to enter into juji-gatame or similar
techniques (Hikkomi gaeshi) are acceptable as long as the attack
is continuous and skilful
Referees and Judges are authorised to award penalties according
to the "intent" or situation and in the best interest
of the sport.
On the scoreboard repeated Shidos would become: 2 Shidos 3 Shidos
4 Shidos = a Yuko to the opponent = a Waza-ari to the opponent =
Hansoku-make = Ippon to the opponent
Should the Referee decide to penalise the contestant(s), (except
in the case of Sono-mama in Newaza) he shall temporarily stop the
contest by announcing Matte, return the contestants to their starting
positions and announce the penalty while pointing to the contestant(s)
who committed the prohibited act.
Before awarding Hansoku-make, the Referee must consult with the
Judges and make his decision in accordance with the "majority
of three" rule. Where both contestants infringe the rules at
the same time, each should be awarded a penalty according to the
seriousness of the infringement.
Where both contestants have been given three (3) Shidos and subsequently
each receives a further penalty, they should both be declared Hansoku-make.
A penalty in Newaza should be applied in the same manner as in Osae-komi
(Article 26 Appendix the 2nd and 3rd paragraphs).
(8) Where one contestant pulls his opponent down into Newaza not
in accordance with Article 16 and his opponent does not take advantage
of this to continue into Newaza, the Referee shall announce Matte,
temporarily stopping the contest, and give Shido to the contestant
who has infringed Article 16.
(10) “Normal” Kumi-kata is taking hold of the right
side of the opponent’s Judogi, be it the sleeve, collar, chest
area, top of the shoulder or back with the left hand and with the
right hand the left side of the opponent’s Judogi, be it the
sleeve, collar, chest area, top of the shoulder or back and always
above the belt. A contestant should not be penalised for holding
with an abnormal grip if the situation has been brought about by
his opponent ducking his head beneath the holder's arm. However,
if a contestant is continually "ducking" this way, the
Referee should give consideration as to whether he is adopting an
"excessively defensive posture" (2). If a contestant continues
to take an abnormal Kumi-kata, the time allowed may be progressively
reduced, and even to a “direct penalty” of Shido. Hooking
one leg between the opponent’s legs unless simultaneously
attempting a throwing technique is not considered to be the normal
Kumi-kata and the contestant must attack within 5 seconds or the
contestant will be penalised with “Shido”.
(11) “Non-combativity” may be taken to exist when in
general, for approximately 25 seconds, there have been no attacking
actions on the part of one or both contestants. Non-combativity
should not be awarded when there are no attacking actions, if the
Referee considers that the contestant is genuinely looking for the
opportunity to attack.
Article 27 – 13
Grasping of the Trousers
1. A player may NOT first grab the trouser leg(s) then attack,
but may grab the trousers to assist in finishing an attack that
has already been initiated.
2. Grabbing the trousers first to either start or attack or
as a defensive move will result in an immediate Mate and Shido penalty.
3. Grabbing the trousers in the middle of an ongoing attack
or simultaneously in order to finish the attack should not be stopped
or penalised and scored accordingly.
4. Grabbing the leg (not the trousers) using an arm-hook or
hand-hook (as in Morote-gari and Kibisu-gaeshi) without grabbing
the trousers is still legal. These actions should not be stopped
or penalised and any subsequent action should be scored accordingly.
(15) The act of "encircling" means that the belt or jacket
must completely encircle. Using the belt or jacket as an "anchor"
for a grip (without encircling) e.g. to trap the opponent's arm,
should not be penalised.
(17) The face means the area within the line bordered by the forehead,
the front of the ears and the jaw-line.
24) Even if the thrower twists/turns during the throwing action,
this should still be considered “Kawazu-gake” and be
penalised. Techniques such as O Soto-gari, O Uchi-gari and Uchi-mata,
where the foot/leg is entwined with the opponent’s leg will
be permitted and should be scored.
31) To attempt such throws as Harai-goshi, Uchi-mata, etc., with
only one hand gripping the opponent's lapel from a position resembling
Ude-hishigi-waki-gatame (in which the wrist of the opponent is trapped
beneath the thrower's armpit) and deliberately falling, face down,
onto the Tatami is likely to cause injury and will be penalised.
No intent to throw an opponent cleanly onto his back is a dangerous
action and will be treated in the same way as Ude-hishigi-waki-gatame.
BJA Commentary:
In BJA Competitions, the Referee and Judges should all be in agreement
before awarding Hansokumake. If a senior contestant receives a direct
Hansoku-make, he will normally be disqualified from the rest of
the competition. This also applies to team contests and a contestant
who receives Hansokumake and is disqualified from the competition
may not be replaced in the team which will therefore have to continue
in the competition short of one player. Notwithstanding the above,
if all three officials agree that an action which injured a contestant
was due to poor technique from his opponent and did not meet the
criteria of “against the spirit of judo” (i.e. there
was no intent or negligence), then they may recommend to the Competition
Controller that the offending player, although awarded Hansoku-make,
should be allowed to continue in the competition.
Where a penalty of direct Hansoku-make is awarded in a competition
under junior rules, the offending contestant will normally be allowed
to continue in the competition unless the Referee and Judges all
agree that the offence was so severe as to warrant disqualification
from the rest of the competition. In all instances, the final decision
to disqualify any player from the remainder of the competition will
be made by the Competition Controller on recommendation from the
Referee and Judges involved,
and/or the Referee in Charge. The Referee and Judges, having made
a unanimous decision to recommend disqualification from the competition,
will inform the table officials who will advise the Competition
Controller of this recommendation.
Return
ARTICLE 28 - Default and withdrawal
The decision of Fusen-gachi shall be given to any contestant whose
opponent does not appear for his contest. A contestant who is not
at his starting position after three (3) calls at one (1) minute
intervals, will forfeit the contest.
The Referee must be sure before awarding Fusen-gachi that he has
received the authority to do so by the Refereeing Commission.
The decision of Kiken-gachi shall be given to any contestant whose
opponent withdraws from the competition for any reason, during the
contest.
APPENDIX Article 28 - Default and
withdrawal
Soft contact lens: - In the event that a contestant, loses his contact
lens during the contest and cannot immediately recover it, and if
he then informs the Referee that he cannot continue competing without
the contact lens, the Referee shall give the victory to his opponent
by Kiken-gachi after consulting with the Judges.
Return
ARTICLE 29 -Injury, illness or accident
The decision of the contest where one contestant is unable to continue
because of injury, illness or accident during the contest shall
be given by the Referee after consultation with the Judges according
to the following clauses:
a) Injury
(1) Where the cause of the injury is attributed to the injured contestant
he shall lose the contest.
(2) Where the cause of the injury is attributed to the uninjured
contestant the uninjured contestant shall lose the contest.
(3) Where it is impossible to determine which of the contestants
was the cause of the injury, the contestant unable to continue shall
lose the contest.
b) Sickness
Generally, where one contestant is taken sick during a contest and
is unable to continue, he shall lose the contest.
c) Accident
Where an accident occurs which is due to an outside influence (force
majeure), after consulting with the Referee Commission, the contest
shall be considered cancelled or postponed. In those cases of 'force
majeure', the Sports Director, the Sports Commission and/or the
IJF Jury will make the final decision.
Medical Examinations
a) The Referee shall call the Doctor to attend to a contestant who
has received a severe impact to the head or back (spinal column),
or whenever the Referee has reason to believe there may be a grave
or serious injury. In either case the Doctor will examine the contestant
in the shortest time possible and indicate to the Referee whether
the contestant can continue or not. If the Doctor, after examining
an injured contestant, advises the Referees that the contestant
cannot continue the contest the Referee, after consultation with
the Judges, shall end the contest and declare the opponent to be
the winner by Kiken-gachi.
b) The contestant may ask the Referee to call for the Doctor, but
in this case the contest is terminated, and his opponent shall win
by Kiken-gachi.
c) The Doctor may also ask to attend to his contestant, but in this
case the contest is terminated, and the opponent will win by Kiken-gachi.
In any case whenever the Referee and Judges are of the opinion that
the contest should not continue, the Referee shall end the contest
and indicate the result in accordance with the rules.
BLEEDING INJURIES
When a bleeding injury occurs, the Referee shall call the Doctor
to assist the contestant in stopping and isolating the bleeding.
In cases of bleeding, for health reasons, the Referee shall call
for the Doctor; it is not allowed to compete while bleeding. However,
the same bleeding injury, may be treated by the Doctor on two (2)
occasions. The third (3rd) time that the same bleeding injury occurs,
the Referee, after previous consultation with Judges, shall end
the contest for the contestant’s own safety and he shall declare
the opponent to be the winner by Kiken-gachi. In any case where
the bleeding cannot be contained and isolated, the opponent shall
be the winner by Kikengachi.
Minor Injuries
A minor injury may be treated by the contestant himself. For example
in the case of a dislocated finger, the Referee shall stop the contest
(by calling Matte or Sonomama) and allow the contestant to reset
the dislocated finger. This action should be done immediately with
no assistance from the Referee or the Doctor and the contestant
can continue in the contest. The contestant will be allowed to reset
the same finger on two (2) occasions. If the same dislocation occurs
a third (3rd) time, the contestant shall not be considered to be
in condition to continue in the contest. The Referee, after previous
consultation with Judges, shall end the contest and declare the
opponent to be the winner by Kiken-gachi.
BJA Commentary:
In Junior Competitions, the contestant will not automatically lose
the contest by Kiken-gachi when asking for medical intervention.
However, if the medical attendant recommends that the injured player
should not continue, the Referee and Judges may declare the injured
player the loser by Kiken-gachi on a majority of three decision.
APPENDIX Article 29 -Injury, Illness or Accident
If during the contest a contestant is injured due to an action by
the opponent and the injured contestant cannot continue, the Referees
should analyse the case and make a decision based on the rules.
Each case shall be decided on its own merit. (See paragraph: a)
Injury 1, 2 and 3). Generally only one (1) Doctor for each contestant
is allowed on the competition area. Should a Doctor require an assistant(s),
the Referee must first be informed. The coach is never allowed on
the competition area. When the Doctor is called, the Judges shall
remain seated and observe the situation. Only the Referee shall
draw near to the injured contestant to ensure that the assistance
provided by the Doctor is within the rules. However the Referee
may call the Judges in case he needs to comment on any decision.
Medical Assistance:-
a) In a minor injury:-
In the case of a broken nail, the Doctor is allowed to assist in
cutting the nail. The Doctor may also help in adjusting a Scrotum
injury (testicles).
b) In a bleeding Injury:-
For safety measures whenever there is blood it must always be completely
isolated with the assistance of the Doctor by means of adhesive
tape, bandages, nasal tampons, (the use of blood clotters and haemostatic
products is permitted). When the Doctor is called to assist a contestant,
such medical assistance should be given as quickly as possible.
Note: With the exception of the above situations, if the Doctor
applies any treatment, the opponent shall win by Kiken-gachi.
Types of Vomiting:-
Any type of vomiting by a contestant shall result in Kiken-gachi
for the other contestant. (See paragraph: b) Sickness). In the case
where a contestant through a deliberate action causes an injury
to the opponent, the penalty given to the contestant inflicting
the injury on the opponent shall be a direct Hansoku-make, apart
from any other disciplinary action which may be taken by the Sports
Director, the Sports Commission and/or the IJF Jury. When a Doctor
clearly realises – especially in the case of shime-waza –
that there is a serious danger to the health of one of the contestants
that he is responsible for, he can go to the edge of the competition
area and call upon the Referees to immediately stop the contest.
The Referees shall take all necessary steps to assist the Doctor.
Such an intervention will necessarily mean the loss of the contest
for his contestant and should therefore only be taken in extreme
cases. At the IJF Championships, the official team Doctor shall
have a medical degree and must register prior to the competition.
He shall be the only person allowed to sit in the designated area
and must be so identified. e.g. by wearing a Red Cross arm-band.
When accrediting a Doctor for their team, the National Federations
must take the responsibility for the actions
of their doctors. The Doctors must be aware of any amendments and
the interpretations of the rules.
Return
ARTICLE 30 – Situations not covered
by the rules
Where any situation arises which is not covered by these rules,
it shall be dealt with and a decision given by the Referees after
consultation with the Refereeing Commission.
Return
BJA ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
Shin pads
Shin pads are allowed providing they do not constitute hard objects
(Article 27 xxxii 34). They must be of soft padding and not contain
hard stiffeners. They may incorporate an underfoot band but the
band must be in good condition and, in the referee’s opinion,
sufficiently wide enough not to constitute a danger to either player’s
fingers or toes. The shin pad must not incorporate an instep pad
(which covers the top of the foot) as this pad would give an advantage
to a “kicker” who should be using the sole of the foot.
If a player is wearing pads which are deemed unsuitable or unsafe,
the Referee should ask the player to remove them at the beginning
of the contest. (incurring no penalty). Continuation in the Event
of Unconsciousness The Board of Directors recommends that the following
be implemented by competition officials. Players Under 16 years
of Age In the event of a player becoming unconscious for any reason
– no further competition that day. No further competition
for the following four (4) weeks unless specifically cleared by
a medical certificate.
Players 16 years of Age and Over. In the event of a player becoming
unconscious for any reason other than as a result of a Shime-waza
(Strangulation technique) - no further competition that day.
In the event of a player becoming unconscious as a result of a Shime-waza
(Strangulation technique) - no further competition that day unless
checked and cleared by a competent medical person who is conversant
with judo strangles and their effects.
Return
APPENDIX ‘A’ - BJA BOWING GUIDE
The following Bowing Guide is adapted from the I.J.F. Bowing Guide.
A part of the etiquette of Judo, the rei, is a tradition which reflects
the respect and discipline that permeates the unique activities
of our sport. The guide for bowing, therefore, should be followed
in a respectful fashion. All standing rei should be at an angle
of 30 degrees as measured at the waist.
REFEREE AND JUDGES
1. At the Beginning of the Competition
1.1 Before the first contest of each day of the competition, the
first team of designated Referees step onto the outside edge of
the competition area in a centralised position and, standing side
by side with the Referee in the centre, the referee and judges bow
simultaneously.
1.2 From there the Referee and Judges walk in single file around
the outside of the contest area to a centralised position on the
opposite side of the area to the control table and facing the control
table.
1.3 They then walk forward to the inside edge of the danger area,
where they bow in unison toward the table.
1.4 While remaining in the danger area, the Referee takes a step
backwards, while the Judges turn to face each other and all three
bow again in unison.
1.5 Immediately, the Referee and Judges take their positions. The
Judge who reaches the chair first remains standing in front of the
chair waiting for the other Judge and they sit down simultaneously.
This same seating procedure should be followed after any consultation.
2. Subsequent Referee and Judges Teams
2.1 As each team of officials enter the competition area, they step
onto the outside edge of the competition area in a centralised position
and, standing side by side with the referee in the centre, the Referee
and Judges bow simultaneously.
2.2 They then walk directly to their positions in readiness for
the next contest. The Judge who reaches the chair first remains
standing in front of the chair waiting for the other Judge and they
sit down simultaneously. This same seating procedure should be followed
after any consultation.
2.3 For ‘finals’ contests, where the Referee and Judges
team is replaced after every contest, the team enters the competition
area as in 2.1 and then walk in single file round the outside of
the contest area. The second Judge stops and stands by his chair,
the Referee stops when he reaches a central position opposite the
table and the first Judge continues until he reaches his chair.
2.4 In unison, the two Judges sit down and the Referee steps forward
onto the contest area and takes up the Hajime position facing the
table, midway between the starting tapes and approximately two metres
from the centre of the mat.
3. Exchange of Position Between the Referee and Judge
3.1 Following a contest, once the result has been announced and
the contestants have left the contest area, if the Referee is required
to exchange positions with a Judge, both officials should approach
each other within the red danger area. Once facing each other they
should bow to each other before taking their new position. Passing
each other, the new Referee walks on the inside, taking the shorter
route, to the Hajime position.
4. Referee Team Leaving the Competition Area
4.1 Following a contest, once the result has been announced and
the contestants have left the contest area, if the Referee and Judges
are to leave the contest area, they should walk directly to the
outer edge of the competition area. From a centralised position,
with the Referee in the centre, they should bow in unison and then
leave the competition area.
4.2 Following a ‘finals’ contest, The Referee and Judges
walk in single file around the outside of the contest area towards
a designated point on the edge of the competition area in a centralised
position and, with the Referee in the centre, they bow in unison
and then leave the competition area.
5. Referee Team at the End of the Competition
5.1 Following the last contest of each day’s competition,
and after the result has been announced, the Referee and Judges
position themselves side by side on the inside edge of the red danger
area, on the opposite side of the contest area to the control table.
Facing the table and, with the Referee in the centre, they bow in
unison towards the table.
5.2 While remaining in the danger area, the Referee takes a step
backwards and the Judges turn to face each, and the three bow towards
each other in unison.
5.3 The Referee and Judges then walk in single file around the outside
of the contest area towards a designated point on the edge of the
competition area in a centralised position and, with the Referee
in the centre, they bow in unison and then leave the competition
area.
CONTESTANTS
6. Contestants Entering and Leaving the Competition Area
6.1 Upon entering and leaving the competition area and the contest
area, the contestants may bow but this is not enforced.
6.2 The contestants should move forward in unison along opposite
sides of the competition area to the centralised position on the
edge of the contest area. The contestants move forward together
onto the contest area to their respective marks.
6.3 The two contestants, standing behind their corresponding marks
and without requiring any orders, must bow simultaneously towards
each other, take a step forward and stand in natural standing position
while waiting for the referee to order Hajime.
6.4 Once the contest is over and the Referee has ordered Sore-made,
the contestants should stand in front of their corresponding marks
to await the result. The contestants should at this point have their
Judogi in order.
6.5 The Referee steps forward one step, awards the result and steps
back one step, following this announcement the contestants simultaneously
take a step back and must bow to each other.
6.6 The contestants move back to the centralised position at the
edge of the contest area and then leave the competition area.
6.7 When entering and leaving the competition area, the contestants
should not walk in front of the Judge’s chair.
7. Tachi Rei Between Contestants
Contestants are required to adhere to the guidelines in this bowing
guide and the BJA Refereeing Rules. Contestants who do not bow in
accordance with these guidelines will be requested to do so. Those
that refuse will be reported to the Referee in Charge. Under the
authority of the Organisers of the event, the contestant will be
disqualified from further participation in the competition and in
the case of a medal contest, will be stripped of the medal and/or
placement.
8. Team Competitions
8.2 Before the beginning of each team contest the Referee and Judges
should enter the competition
area in accordance with the procedures specified in 2.1 and 2.2.
8.3 At the end of each team contest, the Referee and Judges should
follow the procedure specified in 4.1.
8.4 Before each team contest starts, the two teams line up in the
correct fighting order on opposite edges of the competition area.
When requested by the Referee, they then move forward to their mark,
facing each other.
8.5 The Referee then orders Rei and all the contestants bow.
8.6 Immediately, the Referee directs the teams to leave the competition
area and the first two competitors to face each other at their starting
positions.
8.7 The two contestants bow in unison and step forward to wait for
the Referee’s call of Hajime.
8.8 For each individual contest the contestants should follow the
procedures specified in section 6 of these guidelines.
8.9 After all individual contests are finished the two teams line
up inside the contest area on their mark facing each other. The
referee takes a step forward and announces the result.
8.10 The Referee takes a step back, returning to the original position,
and orders Rei. The teams bow towards each other.
8.11 After this the contestants should move back to the edge of
the contest area and leave the competition area.
8.12 At that time, the Referee and Judges walk towards the border
of the competition area to a centralised position with the Referee
in the centre, bow in unison and then leave the competition area.
8.13 After the last team contest of the day, following the procedures
in 8.10, the Judges take up a position on either side of the referee
who then directs the contestants to turn toward the table, remaining
in single file.
8.14 Immediately, the Referee orders Rei and in unison the contestants
and the officials bow toward the table.
8.15 The contestants then leave the competition area in accordance
with 8.11, 8.12 and 8.13 of this guide.
8.15 After the contestants have left the competition area, the Referee
and Judges also leave the competition area in accordance the procedures
in 5.2 and 5.3 of this guide.
SUMMARY
The bowing etiquette sets Judo uniquely apart from other international
sports. The gestures are of respect, appreciation and courtesy.
The Referee and Judges have a fundamental role in holding his uniqueness
by ensuring that bowing is done according to these guidelines.
Return
GLOSSARY OF JAPANESE TERMS
Japanese English
ANZA Sitting cross-legged
ASHI-WAZA Foot or leg techniques
ATEMI-WAZA Striking techniques
AWASE-WAZA Combination of two Waza-aris
DAN’I Dan grade
DOJO Training Hall
ENCHO-SEN Extended match (e.g. Golden Score Contest)
FUKUSHIN Judge
FUSEN-GACHI Win by default
HAISHA Loser
“HAJIME!” “Start!”
HANSOKU Violation
HANSOKU-MAKE Defeat by grave infringement or
accumulated light penalties
HANTEI Decision / judging
HIDARI-JIGO-TAI Left defensive posture
HIDARI-SHIZEN-TAI Left natural posture
HIKITE Pulling hand
HIKIWAKE Draw
IPPON Complete point
JIGO-HONTAI Straight defensive posture
JIGO-TAI Defensive posture
JIKU-ASHI Support leg
JOGAI Outside contest area
JONAI Inside contest area
JOSEKI Upper seats
JUDOGI Judo uniform
KACHI Winner
KAESHI-WAZA Counter techniques
KAKE Execution of techniques
KANSETSU-WAZA Joint locks
KAPPO Resuscitation method
KATA Forms
KATAME-WAZA Grappling techniques
KATSU Technique of Kappo
KEIKO Training / Practice
KIKEN-GACHI Win by withdrawal
KIME Complete execution
KINSA Slight superiority or inferiority
KINSHI-WAZA Prohibited techniques
“KIOTSUKE!” “Attention!” (Word of command
to make persons
stand straight up, closed heels)
KOKA Effect / Minor score
KOSHI-WAZA Hip technique
KUMI-KATA Taking grips
KUZUSHI Balance breaking
KYUSHO Vital point
MA’AI Distance between two contestants
“MAITTA!” “I give up!”
MA-SUTEMI-WAZA Supine sacrifice techniques
MATE Wait
MIGI-JIGO-TAI Right defensive posture
MIGI-SHIZEN-TAI Right natural posture
NAGEKOMI Repetitive throwing practice
NAGE-WAZA Throwing techniques
NEWAZA Groundwork
OSAEKOMI-WAZA Hold down techniques
“OSAEKOMI!” “Hold is on!”
“OTAGI-NI-REI!” “Bow to each other!”
RANDORI Free sparring
RENRAKU-WAZA Combination of several techniques
REI Bow
RITSU-REI Standing bow
SEIZA Sitting square / Formal sitting
SHIAI Match / Bout
SHIAI-JO Competition area
SHIDO Instruction / Light penalty
SHIME-WAZA Strangling techniques
SHIMPAN Refereeing
SHIMPAN’IN Referees
SHIMPAN RIJI Refereeing Director
SHISEI Posture
SHIZEN-TAI Natural posture
SHIZEN-HONTAI Straight natural posture
SHOMEN Dojo front / Upper seats
“SHOMEN-NI-REI!” “Bow towards Shomen!”
SHOSHU Winner
SHUSHIN Referee
SOGO-GAGHI Combined win
“SONO-MAMA!” “Do not move / Hold positions!”
“SORE-MADE!” “Time is up!”
SUTEMI-WAZA Sacrifice techniques
TACHI-WAZA Standing techniques
TAI-SABAKI Body shifting / Body control
TATAMI Mat
TE-WAZA Hand techniques
“TOKETA!” “Hold-down broken!”
TORI Player executing technique
TSUKURI Set-up to execute technique
TSURITE Lifting hand
UCHIKOMI Repetition training
UDE-GAESHI Arm locking throw / Arm reverse
UKE Player receiving opponent’s attack
UKEMI Break fall
WAZA Techniques
WAZA-ARI Technique exists / Great advantage
WAZA-ARI-AWASETE-IPPON Two Waza-aris score Ippon
YAKUSOKU-RENSHU Agreed-upon practice
YOKO-SUTEMI-WAZA Side sacrifice techniques
“YOSHI!” “Continue!”
YUKO Effective / Moderate advantage
YUSEI-GACHI Win by superior performance
ZA-REI Seated bow
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